SQLite Java
在本章中，您将学习如何在Java程序中使用SQLite。
安装
在我们的Java程序中开始使用SQLite之前，您需要确保在计算机上设置了SQLite JDBC驱动程序和Java。您可以检查Java教程以在计算机上安装Java。现在，让我们检查一下如何设置SQLite JDBC驱动程序。
从sqlite-jdbc存储库下载最新版本的sqlite-jdbc-(VERSION).jar。
将下载的jar文件sqlite-jdbc-(VERSION).jar添加到您的类路径中，或者将其与-classpath选项一起使用，如以下示例中所述。
连接到数据库
以下Java程序显示了如何连接到现有数据库。如果数据库不存在，则将创建该数据库，最后将返回一个数据库对象。
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("已成功打开数据库");
}
}现在，让我们编译并运行上述程序，以test.db在当前目录中创建数据库。您可以根据需要更改路径。我们假定当前路径中提供了最新版本的JDBC驱动程序sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar。
$javac SQLiteJDBC.java $java -classpath ".:sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar" SQLiteJDBC Open database successfully
如果您要使用Windows计算机，则可以按以下方式编译和运行代码-
$javac SQLiteJDBC.java $java -classpath ".;sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar" SQLiteJDBC 已成功打开数据库
创建表
以下Java程序将用于在先前创建的数据库中创建表。
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
System.out.println("已成功打开数据库");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY " +
"(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL," +
" NAME TEXT NOT NULL, " +
" AGE INT NOT NULL, " +
" ADDRESS CHAR(50), " +
" SALARY REAL)";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("表创建成功");
}
}编译并执行上述程序后，它将在您的公司中创建COMPANY表，test.db文件的最终列表如下-
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3201128 Jan 22 19:04 sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1506 May 8 05:43 SQLiteJDBC.class -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 832 May 8 05:42 SQLiteJDBC.java -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3072 May 8 05:43 test.db
INSERT 操作
以下Java程序显示了如何在上面的示例中创建的COMPANY表中创建记录。
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("已成功打开数据库");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
"VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
"VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
"VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
"VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
stmt.close();
c.commit();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("记录创建成功");
}
}编译并执行上述程序时，它将在COMPANY表中创建给定记录，并显示以下两行-
已成功打开数据库 记录创建成功
SELECT 操作
以下Java程序显示了如何从在上面的示例中创建的COMPANY表中获取和显示记录。
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("已成功打开数据库");
stmt = c.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
while ( rs.next() ) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String address = rs.getString("address");
float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
System.out.println();
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("已操作成功");
}
}编译并执行上述程序后，将产生以下结果。
已成功打开数据库 ID = 1 NAME = Paul AGE = 32 ADDRESS = California SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 2 NAME = Allen AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Texas SALARY = 15000.0 ID = 3 NAME = Teddy AGE = 23 ADDRESS = Norway SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 4 NAME = Mark AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Rich-Mond SALARY = 65000.0 已操作成功
UPDATE 操作
以下Java代码显示了如何使用UPDATE语句更新任何记录，然后从COMPANY表中获取并显示更新的记录。
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("已成功打开数据库");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
c.commit();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
while ( rs.next() ) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String address = rs.getString("address");
float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
System.out.println();
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("操作成功完成");
}
}编译并执行上述程序后，将产生以下结果。
已成功打开数据库 ID = 1 NAME = Paul AGE = 32 ADDRESS = California SALARY = 25000.0 ID = 2 NAME = Allen AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Texas SALARY = 15000.0 ID = 3 NAME = Teddy AGE = 23 ADDRESS = Norway SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 4 NAME = Mark AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Rich-Mond SALARY = 65000.0 操作成功完成
删除操作
以下Java代码显示了如何使用DELETE语句删除任何记录，然后从COMPANY表中获取并显示其余记录。
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("已成功打开数据库");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
c.commit();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
while ( rs.next() ) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String address = rs.getString("address");
float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
System.out.println();
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("已操作成功");
}
}编译并执行上述程序后，将产生以下结果。
已成功打开数据库 ID = 1 NAME = Paul AGE = 32 ADDRESS = California SALARY = 25000.0 ID = 3 NAME = Teddy AGE = 23 ADDRESS = Norway SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 4 NAME = Mark AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Rich-Mond SALARY = 65000.0 已操作成功