MongoDB 高级索引
我们在名为users的集合中插入了以下文档,如下所示–
db.users.insert( { "address": { "city": "Los Angeles", "state": "California", "pincode": "123" }, "tags": [ "music", "cricket", "blogs" ], "name": "Tom Benzamin" } )
上面的文档包含一个address子文档和一个标记数组。
索引数组字段
假设我们要根据用户的标记搜索用户文档。为此,我们将在集合中的tags数组上创建一个索引。
在数组上创建索引,依次为数组的每个字段创建单独的索引项。所以在我们的实例中,当我们在tags数组上创建索引时,将为其值music、cricket和blogs创建单独的索引。
要在标签tags数组上创建索引,请使用以下代码-
>db.users.createIndex({"tags":1}) { "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false, "numIndexesBefore" : 2, "numIndexesAfter" : 3, "ok" : 1 } >
创建索引之后,我们可以在集合的 tags 字段上进行搜索,如下-
> db.users.find({tags:"cricket"}).pretty(){ "_id" : ObjectId("5dd7c927f1dd4583e7103fdf"), "address" : { "city" : "Los Angeles", "state" : "California", "pincode" : "123" }, "tags" : [ "music", "cricket", "blogs" ], "name" : "Tom Benzamin" } >
要验证是否使用了正确的索引,请使用下面的 explain 命令-
>db.users.find({tags:"cricket"}).explain()
这给您以下结果-
{ "queryPlanner" : { "plannerVersion" : 1, "namespace" : "mydb.users", "indexFilterSet" : false, "parsedQuery" : { "tags" : { "$eq" : "cricket" } }, "queryHash" : "9D3B61A7", "planCacheKey" : "04C9997B", "winningPlan" : { "stage" : "FETCH", "inputStage" : { "stage" : "IXSCAN", "keyPattern" : { "tags" : 1 }, "indexName" : "tags_1", "isMultiKey" : false, "multiKeyPaths" : { "tags" : [ ] }, "isUnique" : false, "isSparse" : false, "isPartial" : false, "indexVersion" : 2, "direction" : "forward", "indexBounds" : { "tags" : [ "[\"cricket\", \"cricket\"]" ] } } }, "rejectedPlans" : [ ] }, "serverInfo" : { "host" : "Krishna", "port" : 27017, "version" : "4.2.1", "gitVersion" : "edf6d45851c0b9ee15548f0f847df141764a317e" }, "ok" : 1 } >
上面的命令产生了“ cursor”:“ BtreeCursor tags_1”,它确认使用了正确的索引。
索引子文档字段
假设我们要根据city,state 和 pincode 字段搜索文档。由于所有这些字段都是地址子文档字段的一部分,因此我们将在子文档的所有字段上创建索引。
要在子文档的所有三个字段上创建索引,请使用以下代码-
>db.users.createIndex({"address.city":1,"address.state":1,"address.pincode":1}) { "numIndexesBefore" : 4, "numIndexesAfter" : 4, "note" : "all indexes already exist", "ok" : 1 } >
创建索引后,我们可以使用此索引搜索任何子文档字段,如下所示:
> db.users.find({"address.city":"Los Angeles"}).pretty(){ "_id" : ObjectId("5dd7c927f1dd4583e7103fdf"), "address" : { "city" : "Los Angeles", "state" : "California", "pincode" : "123" }, "tags" : [ "music", "cricket", "blogs" ], "name" : "Tom Benzamin" }
请记住,查询表达式必须遵循指定索引的顺序。因此,上面创建的索引将支持以下查询-
>db.users.find({"address.city":"Los Angeles","address.state":"California"}).pretty(){ "_id" : ObjectId("5dd7c927f1dd4583e7103fdf"), "address" : { "city" : "Los Angeles", "state" : "California", "pincode" : "123" }, "tags" : [ "music", "cricket", "blogs" ], "name" : "Tom Benzamin" } >