PostgreSQL C/C++ 接口
本教程将使用libpqxx库,它是PostgreSQL的官方C ++客户端API。 libpqxx的源代码在BSD许可下可用,因此您可以免费下载,将其传递给他人,进行更改,出售,将其包含在自己的代码中,并与选择的任何人共享您的更改。
安装
最新版本的libpqxx可以从下载libpqxx链接下载(Libpqxx下载)。因此,请下载最新版本并按照以下步骤-
wget http://pqxx.org/download/software/libpqxx/libpqxx-4.0.tar.gz tar xvfz libpqxx-4.0.tar.gz cd libpqxx-4.0 ./configure make make install
在开始使用C / C ++ PostgreSQL接口之前,请在PostgreSQL安装目录中找到 pg_hba.conf 文件,并添加以下行-
# IPv4 local connections: host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
如果postgres服务器没有运行,可以使用以下命令启动/重新启动postgres服务器-
[root@host]# service postgresql restart Stopping postgresql service: [ OK ] Starting postgresql service: [ OK ]
C/C++ 接口 APIs
下面是重要的接口例程,它可以满足您从C/C++程序中使用PostgreSQL数据库的需求。如果您正在寻找一个更复杂的应用程序,那么您可以查看libpqxx官方文档,也可以使用商业上可用的api。
S. No. | API & 描述 |
---|---|
1 | pqxx::connection C( const std::string & dbstring ) 这是一个typedef,将用于连接到数据库。这里,dbstring提供连接到数据库所需的参数,例如: dbname = testdb user = postgres password=pass123 hostaddr=127.0.0.1 port=5432. 如果连接成功建立,那么它创建了C与连接对象,提供各种有用的函数公共函数。 |
2 | C.is_open() is_open()方法是连接对象的公共方法,并返回布尔值。如果连接是活动的,则此方法返回true,否则返回false。 |
3 | C.disconnect() 此方法用于断开已打开的数据库连接。 |
4 | pqxx::work W( C ) 这是一个 typedef,用于使用连接 C 创建事务对象,最终用于在事务模式下执行 SQL 语句。 如果事务对象创建成功,那么它将被分配给变量W,该变量将用于访问与事务对象相关的公共方法。 |
5 | W.exec(const std::string & sql) 这个来自事务对象的公共方法将用于执行SQL语句。 |
6 | W.commit() 来自事务对象的这个公共方法将用于提交事务。 |
7 | W.abort() 事务对象的这个公共方法将用于回滚事务。 |
8 | pqxx::nontransaction N( C ) 这是一个typedef,它将用于使用连接C创建非事务性对象,最终将用于在非事务模式下执行SQL语句。 如果事务对象创建成功,那么它将被分配给变量N,该变量将用于访问与非事务对象相关的公共方法。 |
9 | N.exec(const std::string & sql) 这个来自非事务对象的公共方法将用于执行SQL语句并返回一个result对象,它实际上是一个保存所有返回记录的interator。 |
连接数据库
下面的C代码段显示了如何连接到在端口5432的本地计算机上运行的现有数据库。这里,我用反斜杠\表示行的延续。
#include <iostream> #include <pqxx/pqxx> using namespace std; using namespace pqxx; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { try { connection C("dbname = testdb user = postgres password = cohondob \ hostaddr = 127.0.0.1 port = 5432"); if (C.is_open()) { cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl; } else { cout << "Can't open database" << endl; return 1; } C.disconnect (); } catch (const std::exception &e) { cerr << e.what() << std::endl; return 1; } }
现在,让我们编译并运行上面的程序,以连接到我们的数据库 testdb,该数据库已经在您的模式中可用,可以使用用户 postgres 和密码 pass123访问。
您可以根据数据库设置使用用户ID和密码。记住保持-lpqxx和-lpq的给定顺序!否则,连接器将会认为缺少名称而以“PQ”开头的函数。
$g++ test.cpp -lpqxx -lpq $./a.out Opened database successfully: testdb
创建表
以下C代码段将用于在先前创建的数据库中创建表-
#include <iostream> #include <pqxx/pqxx> using namespace std; using namespace pqxx; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char * sql; try { connection C("dbname = testdb user = postgres password = cohondob \ hostaddr = 127.0.0.1 port = 5432"); if (C.is_open()) { cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl; } else { cout << "Can't open database" << endl; return 1; } /* 创建SQL语句 */ sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY(" \ "ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL," \ "NAME TEXT NOT NULL," \ "AGE INT NOT NULL," \ "ADDRESS CHAR(50)," \ "SALARY REAL );"; /* 创建事务对象. */ work W(C); /* 执行SQL查询 */ W.exec( sql ); W.commit(); cout << "Table created successfully" << endl; C.disconnect (); } catch (const std::exception &e) { cerr << e.what() << std::endl; return 1; } return 0; }
当编译并执行上述给定程序时,它将在testdb数据库中创建COMPANY表,并显示以下语句-
Opened database successfully: testdb Table created successfully
INSERT 操作
下面的C代码段显示了如何在上面示例中创建的company表中创建记录-
#include <iostream> #include <pqxx/pqxx> using namespace std; using namespace pqxx; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char * sql; try { connection C("dbname = testdb user = postgres password = cohondob \ hostaddr = 127.0.0.1 port = 5432"); if (C.is_open()) { cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl; } else { cout << "Can't open database" << endl; return 1; } /* 创建 SQL 语句 */ sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " \ "VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 ); " \ "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " \ "VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 ); " \ "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)" \ "VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );" \ "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)" \ "VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );"; /* 创建事务对象. */ work W(C); /* 执行SQL查询 */ W.exec( sql ); W.commit(); cout << "Records created successfully" << endl; C.disconnect (); } catch (const std::exception &e) { cerr << e.what() << std::endl; return 1; } return 0; }
当编译并执行上述给定程序时,它将在COMPANY表中创建给定的记录,并显示以下两行-
Opened database successfully: testdb Records created successfully
SELECT 操作
下面的C代码段展示了我们如何从上面示例中创建的COMPANY表中获取和显示记录
#include <iostream> #include <pqxx/pqxx> using namespace std; using namespace pqxx; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char * sql; try { connection C("dbname = testdb user = postgres password = cohondob \ hostaddr = 127.0.0.1 port = 5432"); if (C.is_open()) { cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl; } else { cout << "Can't open database" << endl; return 1; } /* 创建 SQL 语句 */ sql = "SELECT * from COMPANY"; /* 创建非事务对象. */ nontransaction N(C); /* 执行 SQL 查询 */ result R( N.exec( sql )); /* 列出所有的记录 */ for (result::const_iterator c = R.begin(); c != R.end(); ++c) { cout << "ID = " << c[0].as<int>() << endl; cout << "Name = " << c[1].as<string>() << endl; cout << "Age = " << c[2].as<int>() << endl; cout << "Address = " << c[3].as<string>() << endl; cout << "Salary = " << c[4].as<float>() << endl; } cout << "Operation done successfully" << endl; C.disconnect (); } catch (const std::exception &e) { cerr << e.what() << std::endl; return 1; } return 0; }
当编译并执行上述给定程序时,它将产生以下结果-
Opened database successfully: testdb ID = 1 Name = Paul Age = 32 Address = California Salary = 20000 ID = 2 Name = Allen Age = 25 Address = Texas Salary = 15000 ID = 3 Name = Teddy Age = 23 Address = Norway Salary = 20000 ID = 4 Name = Mark Age = 25 Address = Rich-Mond Salary = 65000 Operation done successfully
UPDATE 操作
下面的 c 代码段显示了如何使用 UPDATE 语句更新任何记录,然后从 COMPANY 表-获取并显示更新的记录
#include <iostream> #include <pqxx/pqxx> using namespace std; using namespace pqxx; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char * sql; try { connection C("dbname = testdb user = postgres password = cohondob \ hostaddr = 127.0.0.1 port = 5432"); if (C.is_open()) { cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl; } else { cout << "Can't open database" << endl; return 1; } /* 创建事务对象. */ work W(C); /* Create SQL UPDATE statement */ sql = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1"; /* Execute SQL query */ W.exec( sql ); W.commit(); cout << "Records updated successfully" << endl; /* 创建 SQL SELECT 语句 */ sql = "SELECT * from COMPANY"; /* 创建一个非事务对象. */ nontransaction N(C); /* 执行 SQL 查询 */ result R( N.exec( sql )); /* 列出所有的记录 */ for (result::const_iterator c = R.begin(); c != R.end(); ++c) { cout << "ID = " << c[0].as<int>() << endl; cout << "Name = " << c[1].as<string>() << endl; cout << "Age = " << c[2].as<int>() << endl; cout << "Address = " << c[3].as<string>() << endl; cout << "Salary = " << c[4].as<float>() << endl; } cout << "Operation done successfully" << endl; C.disconnect (); } catch (const std::exception &e) { cerr << e.what() << std::endl; return 1; } return 0; }
当上述给定的程序被编译和执行时,它将产生以下结果-
Opened database successfully: testdb Records updated successfully ID = 2 Name = Allen Age = 25 Address = Texas Salary = 15000 ID = 3 Name = Teddy Age = 23 Address = Norway Salary = 20000 ID = 4 Name = Mark Age = 25 Address = Rich-Mond Salary = 65000 ID = 1 Name = Paul Age = 32 Address = California Salary = 25000 Operation done successfully
DELETE 操作
下面的 C 代码段显示了如何使用 DELETE 语句删除任何记录,然后从 COMPANY 表-中获取并显示剩余的记录
#include <iostream> #include <pqxx/pqxx> using namespace std; using namespace pqxx; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char * sql; try { connection C("dbname = testdb user = postgres password = cohondob \ hostaddr = 127.0.0.1 port = 5432"); if (C.is_open()) { cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl; } else { cout << "Can't open database" << endl; return 1; } /* 创建事务对象. */ work W(C); /* 创建 SQL DELETE 语句 */ sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID = 2"; /* 执行 SQL 查询 */ W.exec( sql ); W.commit(); cout << "Records deleted successfully" << endl; /* Create SQL SELECT statement */ sql = "SELECT * from COMPANY"; /* 创建非事务对象. */ nontransaction N(C); /* 执行 SQL 查询 */ result R( N.exec( sql )); /* 列出所有的记录 */ for (result::const_iterator c = R.begin(); c != R.end(); ++c) { cout << "ID = " << c[0].as<int>() << endl; cout << "Name = " << c[1].as<string>() << endl; cout << "Age = " << c[2].as<int>() << endl; cout << "Address = " << c[3].as<string>() << endl; cout << "Salary = " << c[4].as<float>() << endl; } cout << "Operation done successfully" << endl; C.disconnect (); } catch (const std::exception &e) { cerr << e.what() << std::endl; return 1; } return 0; }
当编译并执行上述给定程序时,它将产生以下结果-
Opened database successfully: testdb Records deleted successfully ID = 3 Name = Teddy Age = 23 Address = Norway Salary = 20000 ID = 4 Name = Mark Age = 25 Address = Rich-Mond Salary = 65000 ID = 1 Name = Paul Age = 32 Address = California Salary = 25000 Operation done successfully