PostgreSQL PHP 接口
安装
最新版本的 PHP 5.3. x 默认启用了 PostgreSQL 扩展。可以在编译时使用 -- without-pgsql 来禁用它。您仍然可以使用 yum 命令来安装 PHP-PostgreSQL 接口
yum install php-pgsql
在使用PHP PostgreSQL接口之前,在PostgreSQL安装目录中找到pg_hba.conf文件,添加以下一行
# IPv4 local connections: host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
如果postgres服务器没有运行,可以使用以下命令启动/重新启动postgres服务器-
[root@host]# service postgresql restart Stopping postgresql service: [ OK ] Starting postgresql service: [ OK ]
Windows用户必须启用php_pgsql.dll为了使用这个扩展。这个DLL包含在PHP5.3.x之后的Windows发行版中
要了解详细的安装说明,请查看我们的PHP教程及其官方网站。
PHP 接口 APIs
下面是一些重要的 PHP 例程,可以满足您使用 PHP 程序中的 PostgreSQL 数据库的需求。如果您正在寻找一个更复杂的应用程序,那么您可以查看 PHP 官方文档。
S. No. | API & 描述 |
---|---|
1 | resource pg_connect ( string $connection_string [, int $connect_type ] ) 这将打开一个连接到connection_string指定的PostgreSQL数据库。 如果PGSQL_CONNECT_FORCE_NEW作为connect_type传递,那么在第二次调用pg_connect()时将创建一个新的连接,即使connection_string与现有连接相同。 |
2 | bool pg_connection_reset ( resource $connection ) 此例程重置连接。对于错误恢复非常有用。成功时返回 TRUE,失败时返回 FALSE。 |
3 | int pg_connection_status ( resource $connection ) 返回指定连接的状态。返回PGSQL_CONNECTION_OK或PGSQL_CONNECTION_BAD。 |
4 | string pg_dbname ([ resource $connection ] ) 返回给定 PostgreSQL 连接资源的数据库的名称。 |
5 | resource pg_prepare ([ resource $connection ], string $stmtname, string $query ) 这样提交一个请求,用给定的 something 创建一个准备好的语句,并等待完成。 |
6 | resource pg_execute ([ resource $connection ], string $stmtname, array $params ) 这个例程发送一个请求执行一份事先准备好的声明中与给定参数,等待结果。 |
7 | resource pg_query ([ resource $connection ], string $query ) 在指定的数据库连接上执行查询。 |
8 | array pg_fetch_row ( resource $result [, int $row ] ) 从与指定的结果资源关联的结果中获取一行数据。 |
9 | array pg_fetch_all ( resource $result ) 返回一个数组,该数组包含结果资源中的所有行(记录)。 |
10 | int pg_affected_rows ( resource $result ) 返回受INSERT、UPDATE和DELETE查询影响的行数。 |
11 | int pg_num_rows ( resource $result ) 返回 PostgreSQL 结果资源中的行数,例如 SELECT 语句返回的行数。 |
12 | bool pg_close ([ resource $connection ] ) 关闭与给定连接资源关联的 PostgreSQL 数据库的非持久连接。 |
13 | string pg_last_error ([ resource $connection ] ) 返回给定连接的最后一条错误消息。 |
14 | string pg_escape_literal ([ resource $connection ], string $data ) 转义一个文本以插入到文本字段中。 |
15 | string pg_escape_string ([ resource $connection ], string $data ) 转义用于查询数据库的字符串。 |
连接数据库
下面的 PHP 代码演示如何连接到本地计算机上的现有数据库,并最终返回数据库连接对象。
<?php $host = "host = 127.0.0.1"; $port = "port = 5432"; $dbname = "dbname = testdb"; $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123"; $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials" ); if(!$db) { echo "Error : Unable to open database\n"; } else { echo "Opened database successfully\n"; } ?>
现在,让我们运行上面给定的程序来打开我们的数据库 testdb: 如果数据库被成功打开,那么它将给出以下消息-
Opened database successfully
创建表
以下PHP程序将用于在先前创建的数据库中创建表
<?php $host = "host = 127.0.0.1"; $port = "port = 5432"; $dbname = "dbname = testdb"; $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123"; $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials" ); if(!$db) { echo "Error : Unable to open database\n"; } else { echo "Opened database successfully\n"; } $sql =<<<EOF CREATE TABLE COMPANY (ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, NAME TEXT NOT NULL, AGE INT NOT NULL, ADDRESS CHAR(50), SALARY REAL); EOF; $ret = pg_query($db, $sql); if(!$ret) { echo pg_last_error($db); } else { echo "Table created successfully\n"; } pg_close($db); ?>
当执行上面给定的程序时,它将在 testdb 中创建 COMPANY 表,并显示以下消息-
Opened database successfully Table created successfully
INSERT 操作
下面的 PHP 程序演示了如何在上面的示例-中创建的 COMPANY 表中创建记录
<?php $host = "host=127.0.0.1"; $port = "port=5432"; $dbname = "dbname = testdb"; $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123"; $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials" ); if(!$db) { echo "Error : Unable to open database\n"; } else { echo "Opened database successfully\n"; } $sql =<<<EOF INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 ); INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 ); INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 ); INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 ); EOF; $ret = pg_query($db, $sql); if(!$ret) { echo pg_last_error($db); } else { echo "Records created successfully\n"; } pg_close($db); ?>
当执行上述给定的程序时,它将在 COMPANY 表中创建给定的记录,并显示以下两行
Opened database successfully Records created successfully
SELECT 操作
下面的 PHP 程序展示了如何从上面的示例-中创建的 COMPANY 表中获取和显示记录
<?php $host = "host = 127.0.0.1"; $port = "port = 5432"; $dbname = "dbname = testdb"; $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123"; $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials" ); if(!$db) { echo "Error : Unable to open database\n"; } else { echo "Opened database successfully\n"; } $sql =<<<EOF SELECT * from COMPANY; EOF; $ret = pg_query($db, $sql); if(!$ret) { echo pg_last_error($db); exit; } while($row = pg_fetch_row($ret)) { echo "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n"; echo "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n"; echo "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n"; echo "SALARY = ".$row[4] ."\n\n"; } echo "Operation done successfully\n"; pg_close($db); ?>
当上面给出的程序被执行时,它将产生以下结果。请注意,字段将按照创建表时使用的顺序返回。
Opened database successfully ID = 1 NAME = Paul ADDRESS = California SALARY = 20000 ID = 2 NAME = Allen ADDRESS = Texas SALARY = 15000 ID = 3 NAME = Teddy ADDRESS = Norway SALARY = 20000 ID = 4 NAME = Mark ADDRESS = Rich-Mond SALARY = 65000 Operation done successfully
UPDATE 操作
下面的PHP代码展示了如何使用UPDATE语句更新任何记录,然后从我们的公司表中获取并显示更新后的记录
<?php $host = "host=127.0.0.1"; $port = "port=5432"; $dbname = "dbname = testdb"; $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123"; $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials" ); if(!$db) { echo "Error : Unable to open database\n"; } else { echo "Opened database successfully\n"; } $sql =<<<EOF UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1; EOF; $ret = pg_query($db, $sql); if(!$ret) { echo pg_last_error($db); exit; } else { echo "Record updated successfully\n"; } $sql =<<<EOF SELECT * from COMPANY; EOF; $ret = pg_query($db, $sql); if(!$ret) { echo pg_last_error($db); exit; } while($row = pg_fetch_row($ret)) { echo "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n"; echo "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n"; echo "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n"; echo "SALARY = ".$row[4] ."\n\n"; } echo "Operation done successfully\n"; pg_close($db); ?>
当上述程序执行时,会产生如下结果
Opened database successfully Record updated successfully ID = 2 NAME = Allen ADDRESS = 25 SALARY = 15000 ID = 3 NAME = Teddy ADDRESS = 23 SALARY = 20000 ID = 4 NAME = Mark ADDRESS = 25 SALARY = 65000 ID = 1 NAME = Paul ADDRESS = 32 SALARY = 25000 Operation done successfully
DELETE 操作
下面的 PHP 代码展示了如何使用 DELETE 语句删除任何记录,然后从 COMPANY 表-获取并显示剩余的记录
<?php $host = "host = 127.0.0.1"; $port = "port = 5432"; $dbname = "dbname = testdb"; $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123"; $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials" ); if(!$db) { echo "Error : Unable to open database\n"; } else { echo "Opened database successfully\n"; } $sql =<<<EOF DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2; EOF; $ret = pg_query($db, $sql); if(!$ret) { echo pg_last_error($db); exit; } else { echo "Record deleted successfully\n"; } $sql =<<<EOF SELECT * from COMPANY; EOF; $ret = pg_query($db, $sql); if(!$ret) { echo pg_last_error($db); exit; } while($row = pg_fetch_row($ret)) { echo "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n"; echo "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n"; echo "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n"; echo "SALARY = ".$row[4] ."\n\n"; } echo "Operation done successfully\n"; pg_close($db); ?>
当上述程序执行时,会产生如下结果
Opened database successfully Record deleted successfully ID = 3 NAME = Teddy ADDRESS = 23 SALARY = 20000 ID = 4 NAME = Mark ADDRESS = 25 SALARY = 65000 ID = 1 NAME = Paul ADDRESS = 32 SALARY = 25000 Operation done successfully